Powershell Windows

# PowerShell Windows Patterns

> Critical patterns and pitfalls for Windows PowerShell.

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1. Operator Syntax Rules

CRITICAL: Parentheses Required

| ❌ Wrong | ✅ Correct |

|----------|-----------|

| `if (Test-Path "a" -or Test-Path "b")` | `if ((Test-Path "a") -or (Test-Path "b"))` |

| `if (Get-Item $x -and $y -eq 5)` | `if ((Get-Item $x) -and ($y -eq 5))` |

**Rule:** Each cmdlet call MUST be in parentheses when using logical operators.

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2. Unicode/Emoji Restriction

CRITICAL: No Unicode in Scripts

| Purpose | ❌ Don't Use | ✅ Use |

|---------|-------------|--------|

| Success | ✅ ✓ | [OK] [+] |

| Error | ❌ ✗ 🔴 | [!] [X] |

| Warning | ⚠️ 🟡 | [*] [WARN] |

| Info | ℹ️ 🔵 | [i] [INFO] |

| Progress | ⏳ | [...] |

**Rule:** Use ASCII characters only in PowerShell scripts.

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3. Null Check Patterns

Always Check Before Access

| ❌ Wrong | ✅ Correct |

|----------|-----------|

| `$array.Count -gt 0` | `$array -and $array.Count -gt 0` |

| `$text.Length` | `if ($text) { $text.Length }` |

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4. String Interpolation

Complex Expressions

| ❌ Wrong | ✅ Correct |

|----------|-----------|

| `"Value: $($obj.prop.sub)"` | Store in variable first |

**Pattern:**

$value = $obj.prop.sub
Write-Output "Value: $value"

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5. Error Handling

ErrorActionPreference

| Value | Use |

|-------|-----|

| Stop | Development (fail fast) |

| Continue | Production scripts |

| SilentlyContinue | When errors expected |

Try/Catch Pattern

- Don't return inside try block

- Use finally for cleanup

- Return after try/catch

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6. File Paths

Windows Path Rules

| Pattern | Use |

|---------|-----|

| Literal path | `C:\Users\User\file.txt` |

| Variable path | `Join-Path $env:USERPROFILE "file.txt"` |

| Relative | `Join-Path $ScriptDir "data"` |

**Rule:** Use Join-Path for cross-platform safety.

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7. Array Operations

Correct Patterns

| Operation | Syntax |

|-----------|--------|

| Empty array | `$array = @()` |

| Add item | `$array += $item` |

| ArrayList add | `$list.Add($item) | Out-Null` |

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8. JSON Operations

CRITICAL: Depth Parameter

| ❌ Wrong | ✅ Correct |

|----------|-----------|

| `ConvertTo-Json` | `ConvertTo-Json -Depth 10` |

**Rule:** Always specify `-Depth` for nested objects.

File Operations

| Operation | Pattern |

|-----------|---------|

| Read | `Get-Content "file.json" -Raw | ConvertFrom-Json` |

| Write | `$data | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 10 | Out-File "file.json" -Encoding UTF8` |

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9. Common Errors

| Error Message | Cause | Fix |

|---------------|-------|-----|

| "parameter 'or'" | Missing parentheses | Wrap cmdlets in () |

| "Unexpected token" | Unicode character | Use ASCII only |

| "Cannot find property" | Null object | Check null first |

| "Cannot convert" | Type mismatch | Use .ToString() |

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10. Script Template

# Strict mode
Set-StrictMode -Version Latest
$ErrorActionPreference = "Continue"

# Paths
$ScriptDir = Split-Path -Parent $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Path

# Main
try {
    # Logic here
    Write-Output "[OK] Done"
    exit 0
}
catch {
    Write-Warning "Error: $_"
    exit 1
}

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> **Remember:** PowerShell has unique syntax rules. Parentheses, ASCII-only, and null checks are non-negotiable.

When to Use

This skill is applicable to execute the workflow or actions described in the overview.