Vulnerability Scanner

# Vulnerability Scanner

> Think like an attacker, defend like an expert. 2025 threat landscape awareness.

🔧 Runtime Scripts

**Execute for automated validation:**

| Script | Purpose | Usage |

|--------|---------|-------|

| `scripts/security_scan.py` | Validate security principles applied | `python scripts/security_scan.py <project_path>` |

📋 Reference Files

| File | Purpose |

|------|---------|

| [checklists.md](checklists.md) | OWASP Top 10, Auth, API, Data protection checklists |

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1. Security Expert Mindset

Core Principles

| Principle | Application |

|-----------|-------------|

| **Assume Breach** | Design as if attacker already inside |

| **Zero Trust** | Never trust, always verify |

| **Defense in Depth** | Multiple layers, no single point |

| **Least Privilege** | Minimum required access only |

| **Fail Secure** | On error, deny access |

Threat Modeling Questions

Before scanning, ask:

1. What are we protecting? (Assets)

2. Who would attack? (Threat actors)

3. How would they attack? (Attack vectors)

4. What's the impact? (Business risk)

---

2. OWASP Top 10:2025

Risk Categories

| Rank | Category | Think About |

|------|----------|-------------|

| **A01** | Broken Access Control | Who can access what? IDOR, SSRF |

| **A02** | Security Misconfiguration | Defaults, headers, exposed services |

| **A03** | Software Supply Chain 🆕 | Dependencies, CI/CD, build integrity |

| **A04** | Cryptographic Failures | Weak crypto, exposed secrets |

| **A05** | Injection | User input → system commands |

| **A06** | Insecure Design | Flawed architecture |

| **A07** | Authentication Failures | Session, credential management |

| **A08** | Integrity Failures | Unsigned updates, tampered data |

| **A09** | Logging & Alerting | Blind spots, no monitoring |

| **A10** | Exceptional Conditions 🆕 | Error handling, fail-open states |

2025 Key Changes

2021 → 2025 Shifts:
├── SSRF merged into A01 (Access Control)
├── A02 elevated (Cloud/Container configs)
├── A03 NEW: Supply Chain (major focus)
├── A10 NEW: Exceptional Conditions
└── Focus shift: Root causes > Symptoms

---

3. Supply Chain Security (A03)

Attack Surface

| Vector | Risk | Question to Ask |

|--------|------|-----------------|

| **Dependencies** | Malicious packages | Do we audit new deps? |

| **Lock files** | Integrity attacks | Are they committed? |

| **Build pipeline** | CI/CD compromise | Who can modify? |

| **Registry** | Typosquatting | Verified sources? |

Defense Principles

- Verify package integrity (checksums)

- Pin versions, audit updates

- Use private registries for critical deps

- Sign and verify artifacts

---

4. Attack Surface Mapping

What to Map

| Category | Elements |

|----------|----------|

| **Entry Points** | APIs, forms, file uploads |

| **Data Flows** | Input → Process → Output |

| **Trust Boundaries** | Where auth/authz checked |

| **Assets** | Secrets, PII, business data |

Prioritization Matrix

Risk = Likelihood × Impact

High Impact + High Likelihood → CRITICAL
High Impact + Low Likelihood  → HIGH
Low Impact + High Likelihood  → MEDIUM
Low Impact + Low Likelihood   → LOW

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5. Risk Prioritization

CVSS + Context

| Factor | Weight | Question |

|--------|--------|----------|

| **CVSS Score** | Base severity | How severe is the vuln? |

| **EPSS Score** | Exploit likelihood | Is it being exploited? |

| **Asset Value** | Business context | What's at risk? |

| **Exposure** | Attack surface | Internet-facing? |

Prioritization Decision Tree

Is it actively exploited (EPSS >0.5)?
├── YES → CRITICAL: Immediate action
└── NO → Check CVSS
         ├── CVSS ≥9.0 → HIGH
         ├── CVSS 7.0-8.9 → Consider asset value
         └── CVSS <7.0 → Schedule for later

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6. Exceptional Conditions (A10 - New)

Fail-Open vs Fail-Closed

| Scenario | Fail-Open (BAD) | Fail-Closed (GOOD) |

|----------|-----------------|---------------------|

| Auth error | Allow ac